Pyteomics documentation v4.7.5

pyteomics.parser

Contents

Source code for pyteomics.parser

"""
parser - operations on modX peptide sequences
=============================================

modX is a simple extension of the `IUPAC one-letter peptide sequence
representation <http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/AminoAcid/A2021.html>`_.

The labels (or codes) for the 20 standard amino acids in modX are the same as
in IUPAC nomeclature. A label for a modified amino acid has a general
form of 'modX', i.e.:

- it starts with an arbitrary number of lower-case symbols or numbers
  (a modification);

- it ends with a single upper-case symbol (an amino acid residue).

The valid examples of modX amino acid labels are: 'G', 'pS', 'oxM'. This rule
allows to combine read- and parseability.

Besides the sequence of amino acid residues, modX has a rule to specify
terminal modifications (alternative terminal groups) of a polypeptide.
Such a label should start or end with a hyphen. The default N-terminal amine group and C-terminal
carboxyl group may not be shown explicitly.

Therefore, valid examples of peptide sequences in modX are: "GAGA",
"H-PEPTIDE-OH", "H-TEST-NH2". It is not recommmended to specify only one
terminal group.

Operations on polypeptide sequences
-----------------------------------

  :py:func:`parse` - convert a sequence string into a list of
  amino acid residues.

  :py:func:`to_string` - convert a parsed sequence to a string.

  :py:func:`to_proforma` - convert a (parsed) *modX* sequence to ProForma.

  :py:func:`amino_acid_composition` - get numbers of each amino acid
  residue in a peptide.

  :py:func:`cleave`, :py:func:`icleave`, :py:func:`xcleave` - cleave a polypeptide using a given rule of
  enzymatic digestion.

  :py:func:`num_sites` - count the number of cleavage sites in a sequence.

  :py:func:`isoforms` - generate all unique modified peptide sequences
  given the initial sequence and modifications.

Auxiliary commands
------------------

  :py:func:`coverage` - calculate the sequence coverage of a protein by peptides.

  :py:func:`length` - calculate the number of amino acid
  residues in a polypeptide.

  :py:func:`valid` - check if a sequence can be parsed successfully.

  :py:func:`fast_valid` - check if a sequence contains of known one-letter
  codes.

  :py:func:`is_modX` - check if supplied code corresponds to a modX label.

  :py:func:`is_term_group` - check if supplied code corresponds to a
  terminal group.

Data
----

  :py:data:`std_amino_acids` - a list of the 20 standard amino acid IUPAC codes.

  :py:data:`std_nterm` - the standard N-terminal modification (the
  unmodified group is a single atom of hydrogen).

  :py:data:`std_cterm` - the standard C-terminal modification (the
  unmodified group is hydroxyl).

  :py:data:`std_labels` - a list of all standard sequence
  elements, amino acid residues and terminal modifications.

  :py:data:`expasy_rules` and :py:data:`psims_rules` - two dicts with the regular expressions of
  cleavage rules for the most popular proteolytic enzymes.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

"""

#   Copyright 2012 Anton Goloborodko, Lev Levitsky
#
#   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
#   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
#   You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
#   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
#   limitations under the License.

import re
from collections import deque
import itertools as it
import warnings
from .auxiliary import PyteomicsError, memoize, BasicComposition, cvstr, cvquery


std_amino_acids = ['Q', 'W', 'E', 'R', 'T', 'Y', 'I', 'P', 'A', 'S',
                   'D', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'K', 'L', 'C', 'V', 'N', 'M']
"""modX labels for the 20 standard amino acids."""

std_nterm = 'H-'
"""modX label for the unmodified N-terminus."""

std_cterm = '-OH'
"""modX label for the unmodified C-terminus."""

std_labels = std_amino_acids + [std_nterm, std_cterm]
"""modX labels for the standard amino acids and unmodified termini."""

_nterm_group = r'[^-]+-$'
_cterm_group = r'-[^-]+$'


[docs] def is_term_group(label): """Check if `label` corresponds to a terminal group. Parameters ---------- label : str Returns ------- out : bool Examples -------- >>> is_term_group('A') False >>> is_term_group('Ac-') True >>> is_term_group('-customGroup') True >>> is_term_group('this-group-') False >>> is_term_group('-') False """ return (re.match(_nterm_group, label) or re.match(_cterm_group, label)) is not None
is_term_mod = is_term_group
[docs] def match_modX(label): """Check if `label` is a valid 'modX' label. Parameters ---------- label : str Returns ------- out : re.match or None """ return re.match(_modX_single, label)
[docs] def is_modX(label): """Check if `label` is a valid 'modX' label. Parameters ---------- label : str Returns ------- out : bool Examples -------- >>> is_modX('M') True >>> is_modX('oxM') True >>> is_modX('oxMet') False >>> is_modX('160C') True """ return bool(match_modX(label))
[docs] def length(sequence, **kwargs): """Calculate the number of amino acid residues in a polypeptide written in modX notation. Parameters ---------- sequence : str or list or dict A string with a polypeptide sequence, a list with a parsed sequence or a dict of amino acid composition. labels : list, optional A list of allowed labels for amino acids and terminal modifications. Returns ------- out : int Examples -------- >>> length('PEPTIDE') 7 >>> length('H-PEPTIDE-OH') 7 """ if not sequence: return 0 if isinstance(sequence, str) or isinstance(sequence, list): if isinstance(sequence, str): parsed_sequence = parse(sequence, **kwargs) else: parsed_sequence = sequence num_term_groups = 0 if is_term_group(parsed_sequence[0]): num_term_groups += 1 if is_term_group(parsed_sequence[-1]): num_term_groups += 1 return len(parsed_sequence) - num_term_groups elif isinstance(sequence, dict): return sum(amount for aa, amount in sequence.items() if not is_term_group(aa)) raise PyteomicsError('Unsupported type of sequence.')
def _split_label(label): try: mod, X = match_modX(label).groups() except AttributeError: raise PyteomicsError('Cannot split a non-modX label: %s' % label) if not mod: return (X,) else: return mod, X _modX_sequence = re.compile(r'^([^-]+-)?((?:[^A-Z-]*[A-Z])+)(-[^-]+)?$') _modX_group = re.compile(r'[^A-Z-]*[A-Z]') _modX_split = re.compile(r'([^A-Z-]*)([A-Z])') _modX_single = re.compile(r'^([^A-Z-]*)([A-Z])$')
[docs] def parse(sequence, show_unmodified_termini=False, split=False, allow_unknown_modifications=False, **kwargs): """Parse a sequence string written in modX notation into a list of labels or (if `split` argument is :py:const:`True`) into a list of tuples representing amino acid residues and their modifications. Parameters ---------- sequence : str The sequence of a polypeptide. show_unmodified_termini : bool, optional If :py:const:`True` then the unmodified N- and C-termini are explicitly shown in the returned list. Default value is :py:const:`False`. split : bool, optional If :py:const:`True` then the result will be a list of tuples with 1 to 4 elements: terminal modification, modification, residue. Default value is :py:const:`False`. allow_unknown_modifications : bool, optional If :py:const:`True` then do not raise an exception when an unknown modification of a known amino acid residue is found in the sequence. This also includes terminal groups. Default value is :py:const:`False`. .. note:: Since version 2.5, this parameter has effect only if `labels` are provided. labels : container, optional A container of allowed labels for amino acids, modifications and terminal modifications. If not provided, no checks will be done. Separate labels for modifications (such as 'p' or 'ox') can be supplied, which means they are applicable to all residues. .. warning:: If `show_unmodified_termini` is set to :py:const:`True`, standard terminal groups need to be present in `labels`. .. warning:: Avoid using sequences with only one terminal group, as they are ambiguous. If you provide one, `labels` (or :py:const:`std_labels`) will be used to resolve the ambiguity. Returns ------- out : list List of tuples with labels of modifications and amino acid residues. Examples -------- >>> parse('PEPTIDE', split=True) [('P',), ('E',), ('P',), ('T',), ('I',), ('D',), ('E',)] >>> parse('H-PEPTIDE') ['P', 'E', 'P', 'T', 'I', 'D', 'E'] >>> parse('PEPTIDE', show_unmodified_termini=True) ['H-', 'P', 'E', 'P', 'T', 'I', 'D', 'E', '-OH'] >>> parse('TEpSToxM', labels=std_labels + ['pS', 'oxM']) ['T', 'E', 'pS', 'T', 'oxM'] >>> parse('zPEPzTIDzE', True, True, labels=std_labels+['z']) [('H-', 'z', 'P'), ('E',), ('P',), ('z', 'T'), ('I',), ('D',), ('z', 'E', '-OH')] >>> parse('Pmod1EPTIDE') ['P', 'mod1E', 'P', 'T', 'I', 'D', 'E'] """ sequence = str(sequence) try: n, body, c = re.match(_modX_sequence, sequence).groups() except AttributeError: raise PyteomicsError('Not a valid modX sequence: ' + sequence) # Check for allowed labels, if they were explicitly given labels = kwargs.get('labels') # labels help save the day when only one terminal group is given if c is None and n is not None: if labels is None: labels = std_labels # we can try to resolve the ambiguity if n != std_nterm and n not in labels and valid(n[:-1], labels=labels): # n is the body then c = '-' + body body = n[:-1] n = None # Actual parsing if split: parsed_sequence = [g if g[0] else (g[1],) for g in re.findall( _modX_split, body)] else: parsed_sequence = re.findall(_modX_group, body) nterm, cterm = (n or std_nterm), (c or std_cterm) # Check against `labels` if given if labels is not None: labels = set(labels) for term, std_term in zip([n, c], [std_nterm, std_cterm]): if term and term not in labels and not allow_unknown_modifications: raise PyteomicsError('Unknown label: {}'.format(term)) for group in parsed_sequence: if split: mod, X = group if len(group) == 2 else ('', group[0]) else: mod, X = re.match(_modX_split, group).groups() if ((not mod) and X not in labels) or not ((mod + X in labels) or ( X in labels and ( mod in labels or allow_unknown_modifications))): raise PyteomicsError('Unknown label: {}'.format(group)) # Append terminal labels if show_unmodified_termini or nterm != std_nterm: if split: parsed_sequence[0] = (nterm,) + parsed_sequence[0] else: parsed_sequence.insert(0, nterm) if show_unmodified_termini or cterm != std_cterm: if split: parsed_sequence[-1] = parsed_sequence[-1] + (cterm,) else: parsed_sequence.append(cterm) return parsed_sequence
[docs] def valid(*args, **kwargs): """Try to parse sequence and catch the exceptions. All parameters are passed to :py:func:`parse`. Returns ------- out : bool :py:const:`True` if the sequence was parsed successfully, and :py:const:`False` otherwise. """ try: parse(*args, **kwargs) except PyteomicsError: return False return True
[docs] def fast_valid(sequence, labels=set(std_labels)): """Iterate over `sequence` and check if all items are in `labels`. With strings, this only works as expected on sequences without modifications or terminal groups. Parameters ---------- sequence : iterable (expectedly, str) The sequence to check. A valid sequence would be a string of labels, all present in `labels`. labels : iterable, optional An iterable of known labels. Returns ------- out : bool """ return set(sequence).issubset(labels)
[docs] def to_string(parsed_sequence, show_unmodified_termini=True): """Create a string from a parsed sequence. Parameters ---------- parsed_sequence : iterable Expected to be in one of the formats returned by :py:func:`parse`, i.e. list of labels or list of tuples. show_unmodified_termini : bool, optional Defines the behavior towards standard terminal groups in the input. :py:const:`True` means that they will be preserved if present (default). :py:const:`False` means that they will be removed. Standard terminal groups will not be added if not shown in `parsed_sequence`, regardless of this setting. Returns ------- sequence : str """ parsed_sequence = list(parsed_sequence) labels = [] nterm = parsed_sequence[0] cterm = parsed_sequence[-1] if isinstance(nterm, str): if nterm != std_nterm or show_unmodified_termini: labels.append(nterm) labels.extend(parsed_sequence[1:-1]) if len(parsed_sequence) > 1 and (cterm != std_cterm or show_unmodified_termini): labels.append(cterm) else: if len(parsed_sequence) == 1: g = nterm if nterm[0] == std_nterm and not show_unmodified_termini: g = g[1:] if nterm[-1] == std_cterm and not show_unmodified_termini: g = g[:-1] return ''.join(g) if nterm[0] != std_nterm or show_unmodified_termini: labels.append(''.join(nterm)) else: labels.append(''.join(nterm[1:])) labels.extend(''.join(g) for g in parsed_sequence[1:-1]) if len(parsed_sequence) > 1: if cterm[-1] != std_cterm or show_unmodified_termini: labels.append(''.join(cterm)) else: labels.append(''.join(cterm[:-1])) return ''.join(labels)
tostring = to_string
[docs] def to_proforma(sequence, **kwargs): """Converts a (parsed) *modX* sequence to a basic ProForma string. Modifications are represented as masses, if those are given in :arg:`aa_mass`, as chemical formulas (via :arg:`aa_comp`) or as names (using :arg:`mod_names`). Parameters ---------- sequence : str or list A *modX* sequence, possibly in the parsed form. aa_mass : dict, keyword only, optional Used to render modifications as mass shifts. aa_comp : dict, keyword only, optional Used to render modifications as chemical formulas. mod_names : dict or callable, keyword only, optional Used to get the rendered name of modification from the mod label. prefix : str, keyword only, optional Prepend all modification names with the given prefix. Returns ------- out : str A ProForma sequence. Examples -------- >>> to_proforma('PEPTIDE') 'PEPTIDE' >>> to_proforma('Ac-oxMYPEPTIDE-OH', aa_mass={'Ac-': 42.010565}, mod_names={'ox': 'Oxidation'}, prefix='U:') '[+42.0106]-M[U:Oxidation]YPEPTIDE' >>> to_proforma('oxidationMYPEPTIDE') # last fallback is to just capitalize the label 'M[Oxidation]YPEPTIDE' """ from . import proforma from .mass.mass import std_aa_mass, std_aa_comp if isinstance(sequence, str): return to_proforma(parse(sequence), **kwargs) aa_mass = kwargs.get('aa_mass', std_aa_mass) aa_comp = kwargs.get('aa_comp', std_aa_comp) mod_names = kwargs.get('mod_names', {}) prefix = kwargs.get('prefix', '') if isinstance(mod_names, dict): get_name = mod_names.get else: get_name = mod_names def get_tag(label): if label in aa_mass: return [proforma.MassModification(aa_mass[label])] if label in aa_comp: return [proforma.FormulaModification(''.join('{}{}'.format(k, v if v not in {0, 1} else '') for k, v in aa_comp[label].items()))] name = get_name(label) if not name: warnings.warn("Unable to resolve label `{}`. " "The ProForma string may be invalid. Specify `mod_names`, `aa_mass` or `aa_comp`.".format(label)) name = label.capitalize() return [proforma.GenericModification(prefix + name)] i, j = 0, len(sequence) nterm = cterm = None pro_sequence = [] if isinstance(sequence[0], str): # regular parsed sequence if is_term_group(sequence[0]) and sequence[0] != std_nterm: nterm = get_tag(sequence[0]) i = 1 if is_term_group(sequence[-1]) and sequence[-1] != std_cterm: cterm = get_tag(sequence[-1]) j -= 1 for label in sequence[i:j]: if len(label) == 1: pro_sequence.append((label, None)) else: mod, aa = _split_label(label) pro_sequence.append((aa, get_tag(mod))) else: # split sequence if is_term_group(sequence[0][0]) and sequence[0][0] != std_nterm: nterm = get_tag(sequence[0][0]) if is_term_group(sequence[-1][-1]) and sequence[-1][-1] != std_cterm: cterm = get_tag(sequence[-1][-1]) if len(sequence) == 1: pro_sequence = [(sequence[0][-2] if cterm else sequence[0][-1], get_tag(sequence[0][1]) if len(sequence[0]) == 4 else None)] else: pro_sequence.append((sequence[0][-1], get_tag(sequence[0][-2]) if len(sequence[0]) == 3 else None)) for group in sequence[1:-1]: pro_sequence.append((group[-1], get_tag(group[0]) if len(group) == 2 else None)) if len(sequence[-1]) == 1 or (len(sequence[-1]) == 2 and cterm): pro_sequence.append((sequence[-1][0], None)) else: pro_sequence.append((sequence[-1][1], get_tag(sequence[-1][0]))) return proforma.to_proforma(pro_sequence, n_term=nterm, c_term=cterm)
[docs] def amino_acid_composition(sequence, show_unmodified_termini=False, term_aa=False, allow_unknown_modifications=False, **kwargs): """Calculate amino acid composition of a polypeptide. Parameters ---------- sequence : str or list The sequence of a polypeptide or a list with a parsed sequence. show_unmodified_termini : bool, optional If :py:const:`True` then the unmodified N- and C-terminus are explicitly shown in the returned dict. Default value is :py:const:`False`. term_aa : bool, optional If :py:const:`True` then the terminal amino acid residues are artificially modified with `nterm` or `cterm` modification. Default value is :py:const:`False`. allow_unknown_modifications : bool, optional If :py:const:`True` then do not raise an exception when an unknown modification of a known amino acid residue is found in the sequence. Default value is :py:const:`False`. labels : list, optional A list of allowed labels for amino acids and terminal modifications. Returns ------- out : dict A dictionary of amino acid composition. Examples -------- >>> amino_acid_composition('PEPTIDE') == \ {'I': 1, 'P': 2, 'E': 2, 'T': 1, 'D': 1} True >>> amino_acid_composition('PEPTDE', term_aa=True) == \ {'ctermE': 1, 'E': 1, 'D': 1, 'P': 1, 'T': 1, 'ntermP': 1} True >>> amino_acid_composition('PEPpTIDE', labels=std_labels+['pT']) == \ {'I': 1, 'P': 2, 'E': 2, 'D': 1, 'pT': 1} True """ labels = kwargs.get('labels') if isinstance(sequence, str): parsed_sequence = parse(sequence, show_unmodified_termini, allow_unknown_modifications=allow_unknown_modifications, labels=labels) elif isinstance(sequence, list): if sequence and isinstance(sequence[0], tuple): parsed_sequence = parse(tostring(sequence, True), show_unmodified_termini, allow_unknown_modifications=allow_unknown_modifications, labels=labels) else: parsed_sequence = sequence else: raise PyteomicsError('Unsupported type of a sequence.' 'Must be str or list, not %s' % type(sequence)) aa_dict = BasicComposition() # Process terminal amino acids. if term_aa: nterm_aa_position = 1 if is_term_group(parsed_sequence[0]) else 0 cterm_aa_position = ( len(parsed_sequence) - 2 if is_term_group(parsed_sequence[-1]) else len(parsed_sequence) - 1) if len(parsed_sequence) > 1: aa_dict['cterm' + parsed_sequence.pop(cterm_aa_position)] = 1 aa_dict['nterm' + parsed_sequence.pop(nterm_aa_position)] = 1 # Process core amino acids. for aa in parsed_sequence: aa_dict[aa] += 1 return aa_dict
[docs] @memoize() def cleave(*args, **kwargs): """Cleaves a polypeptide sequence using a given rule. .. seealso:: :func:`icleave` and :func:`xcleave`, which produce both peptides and their indices. Parameters ---------- sequence : str The sequence of a polypeptide. .. note:: The sequence is expected to be in one-letter uppercase notation. Otherwise, some of the cleavage rules in :py:data:`expasy_rules` will not work as expected. rule : str or compiled regex A key present in :py:data:`expasy_rules`, :py:data:`psims_rules` (or an MS ontology accession) or a `regular expression <https://docs.python.org/library/re.html#regular-expression-syntax>`_ describing the site of cleavage. It is recommended to design the regex so that it matches only the residue whose C-terminal bond is to be cleaved. All additional requirements should be specified using `lookaround assertions <http://www.regular-expressions.info/lookaround.html>`_. :py:data:`expasy_rules` contains cleavage rules for popular cleavage agents. .. seealso:: The `regex` argument. missed_cleavages : int, optional Maximum number of allowed missed cleavages. Defaults to 0. min_length : int or None, optional Minimum peptide length. Defaults to :py:const:`None`. .. note :: This checks for string length, which is only correct for one-letter notation and not for full *modX*. Use :py:func:`length` manually if you know what you are doing and apply :py:func:`cleave` to *modX* sequences. max_length : int or None, optional Maximum peptide length. Defaults to :py:const:`None`. See note above. semi : bool, optional Include products of semi-specific cleavage. Default is :py:const:`False`. This effectively cuts every peptide at every position and adds results to the output. exception : str or compiled RE or None, optional Exceptions to the cleavage rule. If specified, should be a key present in :py:const:`expasy_rules` or regular expression. Cleavage sites matching `rule` will be checked against `exception` and omitted if they match. regex : bool, optional If :py:const:`True`, the cleavage rule is always interpreted as a regex. Otherwise, a matching value is looked up in :py:data:`expasy_rules` and :py:data:`psims_rules`. Returns ------- out : set A set of unique (!) peptides. Examples -------- >>> cleave('AKAKBK', expasy_rules['trypsin'], 0) == {'AK', 'BK'} True >>> cleave('AKAKBK', 'trypsin', 0) == {'AK', 'BK'} True >>> cleave('AKAKBK', 'MS:1001251', 0) == {'AK', 'BK'} True >>> cleave('GKGKYKCK', 'Trypsin/P', 2) == \ {'CK', 'GKYK', 'YKCK', 'GKGK', 'GKYKCK', 'GK', 'GKGKYK', 'YK'} True """ return set(p for i, p in icleave(*args, **kwargs))
[docs] def icleave(sequence, rule, missed_cleavages=0, min_length=None, max_length=None, semi=False, exception=None, regex=False): """Like :py:func:`cleave`, but the result is an iterator and includes peptide indices. Refer to :py:func:`cleave` for explanation of parameters. Returns ------- out : iterator An iterator over (index, sequence) pairs. """ if not regex: if rule in expasy_rules: rule = expasy_rules[rule] elif rule in psims_rules: rule = psims_rules[rule] elif rule in _psims_index: rule = _psims_index[rule] elif re.search(r'[a-z]', rule): warnings.warn('Interpreting the rule as a regular expression: {}. Did you mistype the rule? ' 'Specify `regex=True` to silence this warning.'.format(rule)) exception = expasy_rules.get(exception, exception) ml = missed_cleavages + 2 trange = range(ml) cleavage_sites = deque([0], maxlen=ml) if min_length is None: min_length = 1 if max_length is None: max_length = len(sequence) cl = 1 if exception is not None: exceptions = {x.end() for x in re.finditer(exception, sequence)} for end in it.chain([x.end() for x in re.finditer(rule, sequence)], [None]): if exception is not None and end in exceptions: continue cleavage_sites.append(end) if cl < ml: cl += 1 for j in trange[:cl - 1]: seq = sequence[cleavage_sites[j]:cleavage_sites[-1]] lenseq = len(seq) if end is not None: start = end - lenseq else: start = len(sequence) - lenseq if seq and min_length <= lenseq <= max_length: yield (start, seq) if semi: for k in range(min_length, min(lenseq, max_length)): yield (start, seq[:k]) for k in range(max(1, lenseq - max_length), lenseq - min_length + 1): yield (start + k, seq[k:])
[docs] def xcleave(*args, **kwargs): """Like :py:func:`icleave`, but returns a list. Returns ------- out : list A list of (index, sequence) pairs. Examples -------- >>> xcleave('AKAKBK', 'trypsin', 1) [(0, 'AK'), (0, 'AKAK'), (2, 'AK'), (2, 'AKBK'), (4, 'BK')] """ return list(icleave(*args, **kwargs))
[docs] def num_sites(sequence, rule, **kwargs): """Count the number of sites where `sequence` can be cleaved using the given `rule` (e.g. number of miscleavages for a peptide). Parameters ---------- sequence : str The sequence of a polypeptide. rule : str or compiled regex A regular expression describing the site of cleavage. It is recommended to design the regex so that it matches only the residue whose C-terminal bond is to be cleaved. All additional requirements should be specified using `lookaround assertions <http://www.regular-expressions.info/lookaround.html>`_. labels : list, optional A list of allowed labels for amino acids and terminal modifications. exception : str or compiled RE or None, optional Exceptions to the cleavage rule. If specified, should be a regular expression. Cleavage sites matching `rule` will be checked against `exception` and omitted if they match. Returns ------- out : int Number of cleavage sites. """ return sum(1 for _ in icleave(sequence, rule, **kwargs)) - 1
expasy_rules = { 'arg-c': r'R', 'asp-n': r'\w(?=D)', 'bnps-skatole' : r'W', 'caspase 1': r'(?<=[FWYL]\w[HAT])D(?=[^PEDQKR])', 'caspase 2': r'(?<=DVA)D(?=[^PEDQKR])', 'caspase 3': r'(?<=DMQ)D(?=[^PEDQKR])', 'caspase 4': r'(?<=LEV)D(?=[^PEDQKR])', 'caspase 5': r'(?<=[LW]EH)D', 'caspase 6': r'(?<=VE[HI])D(?=[^PEDQKR])', 'caspase 7': r'(?<=DEV)D(?=[^PEDQKR])', 'caspase 8': r'(?<=[IL]ET)D(?=[^PEDQKR])', 'caspase 9': r'(?<=LEH)D', 'caspase 10': r'(?<=IEA)D', 'chymotrypsin high specificity' : r'([FY](?=[^P]))|(W(?=[^MP]))', 'chymotrypsin low specificity': r'([FLY](?=[^P]))|(W(?=[^MP]))|(M(?=[^PY]))|(H(?=[^DMPW]))', 'clostripain': r'R', 'cnbr': r'M', 'enterokinase': r'(?<=[DE]{3})K', 'factor xa': r'(?<=[AFGILTVM][DE]G)R', 'formic acid': r'D', 'glutamyl endopeptidase': r'E', 'granzyme b': r'(?<=IEP)D', 'hydroxylamine': r'N(?=G)', 'iodosobenzoic acid': r'W', 'lysc': r'K', 'ntcb': r'\w(?=C)', 'pepsin ph1.3': r'((?<=[^HKR][^P])[^R](?=[FL][^P]))|' r'((?<=[^HKR][^P])[FL](?=\w[^P]))', 'pepsin ph2.0': r'((?<=[^HKR][^P])[^R](?=[FLWY][^P]))|' r'((?<=[^HKR][^P])[FLWY](?=\w[^P]))', 'proline endopeptidase': r'(?<=[HKR])P(?=[^P])', 'proteinase k': r'[AEFILTVWY]', 'staphylococcal peptidase i': r'(?<=[^E])E', 'thermolysin': r'[^DE](?=[AFILMV][^P])', 'thrombin': r'((?<=G)R(?=G))|' r'((?<=[AFGILTVM][AFGILTVWA]P)R(?=[^DE][^DE]))', 'trypsin': r'([KR](?=[^P]))|((?<=W)K(?=P))|((?<=M)R(?=P))', 'trypsin_exception': r'((?<=[CD])K(?=D))|((?<=C)K(?=[HY]))|((?<=C)R(?=K))|((?<=R)R(?=[HR]))', } """ This dict contains regular expressions for cleavage rules of the most popular proteolytic enzymes. The rules were taken from the `PeptideCutter tool <http://ca.expasy.org/tools/peptidecutter/peptidecutter_enzymes.html>`_ at Expasy. .. note:: 'trypsin_exception' can be used as `exception` argument when calling :py:func:`cleave` with 'trypsin' `rule`:: >>> parser.cleave('PEPTIDKDE', parser.expasy_rules['trypsin']) {'DE', 'PEPTIDK'} >>> parser.cleave('PEPTIDKDE', parser.expasy_rules['trypsin'], \ exception=parser.expasy_rules['trypsin_exception']) {'PEPTIDKDE'} """ psims_rules = { cvstr('2-iodobenzoate', 'MS:1001918'): r'(?<=W)', cvstr('Arg-C', 'MS:1001303'): r'(?<=R)(?!P)', cvstr('Asp-N', 'MS:1001304'): r'(?=[BD])', cvstr('Asp-N ambic', 'MS:1001305'): r'(?=[DE])', cvstr('CNBr', 'MS:1001307'): r'(?<=M)', cvstr('Chymotrypsin', 'MS:1001306'): r'(?<=[FYWL])(?!P)', cvstr('Formic acid', 'MS:1001308'): r'((?<=D))|((?=D))', cvstr('Lys-C', 'MS:1001309'): r'(?<=K)(?!P)', cvstr('Lys-C/P', 'MS:1001310'): r'(?<=K)', cvstr('PepsinA', 'MS:1001311'): r'(?<=[FL])', cvstr('TrypChymo', 'MS:1001312'): r'(?<=[FYWLKR])(?!P)', cvstr('Trypsin', 'MS:1001251'): r'(?<=[KR])(?!P)', cvstr('Trypsin/P', 'MS:1001313'): r'(?<=[KR])', cvstr('V8-DE', 'MS:1001314'): r'(?<=[BDEZ])(?!P)', cvstr('V8-E', 'MS:1001315'): r'(?<=[EZ])(?!P)', cvstr('glutamyl endopeptidase', 'MS:1001917'): r'(?<=[^E]E)', cvstr('leukocyte elastase', 'MS:1001915'): r'(?<=[ALIV])(?!P)', cvstr('proline endopeptidase', 'MS:1001916'): r'(?<=[HKR]P)(?!P)', } """ This dict contains regular expressions for cleavage rules of the most popular proteolytic enzymes. The rules were taken from the PSI `MS ontology <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MS_1001045>`_. You can use names or accessions to access the rules. Use :py:func:`pyteomics.auxiliary.cvquery` for accession access:: >>> from pyteomics.auxiliary import cvquery >>> from pyteomics.parser import psims_rules >>> cvquery(psims_rules, 'MS:1001918') '(?<=W)' """ _psims_index = cvquery(psims_rules)
[docs] def isoforms(sequence, **kwargs): """ Apply variable and fixed modifications to the polypeptide and yield the unique modified sequences. Parameters ---------- sequence : str Peptide sequence to modify. variable_mods : dict, optional A dict of variable modifications in the following format: :py:const:`{'label1': ['X', 'Y', ...], 'label2': ['X', 'A', 'B', ...]}` Keys in the dict are modification labels (terminal modifications allowed). Values are iterables of residue labels (one letter each) or :py:const:`True`. If a value for a modification is :py:const:`True`, it is applicable to any residue (useful for terminal modifications). You can use values such as 'ntermX' or 'ctermY' to specify that a mdofication only occurs when the residue is in the terminal position. This is *not needed* for terminal modifications. .. note:: Several variable modifications can occur on amino acids of the same type, but in the output each amino acid residue will be modified at most once (apart from terminal modifications). fixed_mods : dict, optional A dict of fixed modifications in the same format. **Note**: if a residue is affected by a fixed modification, no variable modifications will be applied to it (apart from terminal modifications). labels : list, optional A list of amino acid labels containing all the labels present in `sequence`. Modified entries will be added automatically. Defaults to :py:data:`std_labels`. Not required since version 2.5. max_mods : int or None, optional Number of modifications that can occur simultaneously on a peptide, excluding fixed modifications. If :py:const:`None` or if ``max_mods`` is greater than the number of modification sites, all possible isoforms are generated. Default is :py:const:`None`. override : bool, optional Defines how to handle the residues that are modified in the input. :py:const:`False` means that they will be preserved (default). :py:const:`True` means they will be treated as unmodified. show_unmodified_termini : bool, optional If :py:const:`True` then the unmodified N- and C-termini are explicitly shown in the returned sequences. Default value is :py:const:`False`. format : str, optional If :py:const:`'str'` (default), an iterator over sequences is returned. If :py:const:`'split'`, the iterator will yield results in the same format as :py:func:`parse` with the 'split' option, with unmodified terminal groups shown. Returns ------- out : iterator over strings or lists All possible unique polypeptide sequences resulting from the specified modifications are yielded obe by one. """ def main(group): # index of the residue (capital letter) in `group` if group[-1][0] == '-': i = -2 else: i = -1 return len(group) + i, group[i] def apply_mod(label, mod): # `label` is assumed to be a tuple (see split option of `parse`) # unmodified termini are assumed shown # if the modification is not applicable, `None` is returned group = list(label) m = main(group)[0] c = True # whether the change is applied in the end if m == 0 and not is_term_group(mod): group.insert(0, mod) elif mod[0] == '-' and (group[-1] == std_cterm or (group[-1][0] == '-' and override)): group[-1] = mod elif mod[-1] == '-' and (group[0] == std_nterm or (group[0][-1] == '-' and override)): group[0] = mod elif not is_term_group(mod): if m and group[m - 1][-1] != '-': if override: group[m - 1] = mod else: c = False else: group.insert(m, mod) else: c = False if c: return tuple(group) variable_mods = kwargs.get('variable_mods', {}) varmods_term, varmods_non_term = [], [] for m, r in sorted(variable_mods.items()): if is_term_group(m): varmods_term.append((m, r)) else: varmods_non_term.append((m, r)) fixed_mods = kwargs.get('fixed_mods', {}) parse_kw = {} if 'labels' in kwargs: parse_kw['labels'] = list(kwargs['labels']) + list(fixed_mods) parsed = parse(sequence, True, True, **parse_kw) override = kwargs.get('override', False) show_unmodified_termini = kwargs.get('show_unmodified_termini', False) max_mods = kwargs.get('max_mods') format_ = kwargs.get('format', 'str') # Apply fixed modifications for cmod, res in fixed_mods.items(): for i, group in enumerate(parsed): if res is True or main(group)[1] in res: parsed[i] = apply_mod(group, cmod) or parsed[i] # Create a list of possible states for each group # Start with N-terminal mods and regular mods on the N-terminal residue states = [[parsed[0]]] m0 = main(parsed[0])[1] for m, r in varmods_non_term: if r is True or m0 in r or 'nterm' + m0 in r or len(parsed) == 1 and 'cterm' + m0 in r: applied = apply_mod(parsed[0], m) if applied is not None: states[0].append(applied) more_states = [] for m, r in varmods_term: if r is True or m0 in r: if m[-1] == '-' or len(parsed) == 1: for group in states[0]: applied = apply_mod(group, m) if applied is not None: more_states.append(applied) states[0].extend(more_states) # Continue with regular mods for group in parsed[1:-1]: gstates = [group] for m, r in varmods_non_term: if r is True or group[-1] in r: applied = apply_mod(group, m) if applied is not None: gstates.append(applied) states.append(gstates) # Finally add C-terminal mods and regular mods on the C-terminal residue if len(parsed) > 1: states.append([parsed[-1]]) m1 = main(parsed[-1])[1] for m, r in varmods_non_term: if r is True or m1 in r or 'cterm' + m1 in r or len(parsed) == 1 and 'nterm' + m1 in r: applied = apply_mod(parsed[-1], m) if applied is not None: states[-1].append(applied) more_states = [] for m, r in varmods_term: if r is True or m1 in r: if m[0] == '-' or len(parsed) == 1: for group in states[-1]: applied = apply_mod(group, m) if applied is not None: more_states.append(applied) states[-1].extend(more_states) sites = [s for s in enumerate(states) if len(s[1]) > 1] if max_mods is None or max_mods > len(sites): possible_states = it.product(*states) else: def state_lists(): for m in range(max_mods + 1): for comb in it.combinations(sites, m): skel = [[s[0]] for s in states] for i, e in comb: skel[i] = e[1:] yield skel possible_states = it.chain.from_iterable(it.product(*skel) for skel in state_lists()) if format_ == 'split': def strip_std_terms(): for ps in possible_states: ps = list(ps) if not show_unmodified_termini: if ps[0][0] == std_nterm: ps[0] = ps[0][1:] if ps[-1][-1] == std_cterm: ps[-1] = ps[-1][:-1] yield ps return strip_std_terms() elif format_ == 'str': return (tostring(form, show_unmodified_termini) for form in possible_states) else: raise PyteomicsError('Unsupported value of "format": {}'.format(format_))
[docs] def coverage(protein, peptides): """Calculate how much of `protein` is covered by `peptides`. Peptides can overlap. If a peptide is found multiple times in `protein`, it contributes more to the overall coverage. Requires :py:mod:`numpy`. .. note:: Modifications and terminal groups are discarded. Parameters ---------- protein : str A protein sequence. peptides : iterable An iterable of peptide sequences. Returns ------- out : float The sequence coverage, between 0 and 1. Examples -------- >>> coverage('PEPTIDES'*100, ['PEP', 'EPT']) 0.5 """ import numpy as np protein = re.sub(r'[^A-Z]', '', protein) mask = np.zeros(len(protein), dtype=np.int8) for peptide in peptides: indices = [m.start() for m in re.finditer( '(?={})'.format(re.sub(r'[^A-Z]', '', peptide)), protein)] for i in indices: mask[i:i + len(peptide)] = 1 return float(mask.sum(dtype=float) / mask.size)
if __name__ == "__main__": import doctest doctest.testmod()

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